Comprehensive gene heritability estimation reveals the genetic architecture of rare coding variants underlying complex traits

Liu, Z., Fu, B., Jeong, M., Anand, P., Anand, A., Jang, S.-K., Gorla, A., Zhu, J., Pajukanta, P., Palamara, P. F., Zaitlen, N., Border, R., and Sankararaman, S.

bioRxiv preprint, 2025

FLEX is a scalable, linkage-disequilibrium-aware framework for estimating exome-wide and gene-level heritability across common, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants.