multiGENIE reveals the exposome architecture of gene–environment interaction at biobank scale

Manuscript under review, 2026

*Equal contribution

A variance-component method that identifies which environmental exposures explain a trait’s gene-environment interaction heritability and measures how that heritability is spread across exposures, adding exposures sequentially and deciding how many to keep with held-out tests, without additional passes over the genotypes; applied to dozens of traits and exposures in UK Biobank.